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Post-Sept. 11 Arms Sales and Military Aid Demonstrate Dangerous Trend  

By Rachel Stohl
CDI Senior Analyst
rstohl@cdi.org

Updated Jan. 14, 2003  

Since the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, the United States has employed as many means as possible to fight the war on terror. In one aspect, however, an alarming trend has emerged. The United States is more willing than ever to sell or give away weapons to countries that have pledged assistance in the global war on terror. In the past, the United States has used arms sales to "reward" countries for their loyalty. And, today, if one examines each sale or change in policy individually, there does not appear to be a paradigm shift in U.S. arms export policy. However, when one looks at these transfers together, it becomes clear that the United States has altered its relationships with a significant number of countries, many of which are now receiving military aid that would have been denied before Sept. 11.

The United States has revised the list of countries that are ineligible to receive U.S. weapons. Since Sept. 11, the United States has waived restrictions on arms or military assistance to Armenia, Azerbaijan, India, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Yugoslavia.

Since Sept. 11, the United States has made billions of dollars worth of arms deals to strategic countries, including a $1.2 billion sale of fighter jets and missiles to Oman and nearly $400 million worth of missiles to Egypt. Countries identified as fighting terrorist groups are also set to receive large shipments of military aid, including $92 million in weapons to the Philippines. Other countries are benefiting from military training relationships. Indonesia, for example, which had been banned from receiving military training, is set to receive training through the new Regional Defense Counter Terrorism Fellowship Program, a new DoD program that is not subject to training limitations contained in the annual Foreign Operations legislation. Human rights and lack of democracy concerns have been given less importance in some cases. Turkey is now set to receive 14 Sea Hawk naval helicopters, even though accusations of gross human rights abuses and tensions with regional rival Greece have delayed other recent helicopter deals.

To avoid being seen as favoring one side over another, some of these recent sales and military aid packages have been given to both sides of a conflict. Both India and Pakistan are set to receive weapons and, in direct response to the lifting of sanctions to Azerbaijan, Armenia was promised $90 million in foreign assistance, $4 million in foreign military financing, and $300,000 for military training.

These sales are just the tip of the iceberg. After the Gulf War, arms exports to the Middle East skyrocketed. The recent display of force with American weaponry could lead to another spike in the near future. Further, while arms agreements are made in the short term, export licenses are good for four years and production can take much longer, and thus actual arms deliveries will continue in the long run.

Below is a compilation of post-Sept. 11 pending and approved U.S. arms sales. The data is collected from the following sources: House International Relations Committee (HIRC), the Federal Register, Jane’s, Defense News and Defense Systems Daily.

POST-9/11/01 U.S. ARMS SALES
[A] [B] [C][D] [E] [F] [G] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [O] [P] [R] [S] [T] [U]

Country

Description

Date of Approval or Notification:

Estimated Cost

Argentina

12 AH-1 Cobra attack helicopters

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: Excess Defense Articles (EDA)

Status: N/A

4/3/02

N/A

Australia

Option to provide engineering, technical, management and financial support services for the F/A-18 aircraft programs.

Company: Veridian Engineering

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, export license granted

11/18/02

$16,727,126

Australia

Seven phase 1 retrofit kits for the AN and APG-73 radar for the F/A-18 aircraft
- 6 for the U.S. Marine Corps
- 1 for the government of Australia

Company: Raytheon

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, export license granted

9/3/02

$12,443,000

Australia

Joins Joint Strike Fighter program with plans to buy 100 F-35 aircraft form the United States

Company: Lockheed Martin

Transfer Type: N/A

Status: Congress notified

8/11/02

$8 billion

Australia

Design, development, manufacture and maintenance of the Multi-role Electronically Scanned Array (MESA) Radar/IFF subsystem

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: N/A

Status: Congress notified

4/26/02

N/A

Austria

30 F-16 A/B fighter jets upgraded with the Falcon Up structural modification and the Mid-Life Update (MLU) capability modification

Company: Lockheed Martin

Transfer Type: Foreign Military Sale (FMS)

Status: Congress notified[1]

3/19/02

$1 billion

Bahrain

One AN/TPS-59(V)3 3-dimensional land-based radar, one Air Defense Communication Platform, spares, training and other related elements of program support

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: Congress notified

6/26/02

$40 million

Bahrain

Missile boresight correlator upgrade kit and support equipment upgrade

Company: Lockheed Martin

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, export license granted

4/24/02

$8,109,231

Bahrain

Eight 44 foot Motor Lifeboats

Company: Boeing

Transfer Type: EDA

Status: N/A

1/15/02

N/A

Brazil

Two KC-135A Stratotanker air-to-air tanker/transport aircraft

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: EDA

Status: N/A

5/1/2002

N/A

Brazil

12 F-16 fighter jets

Company: has reached preliminary agreement with Lockheed Martin

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: waiting to sign contract

4/19/02

$909,000,000

Bulgaria

Naval architecture and marine engineering services for the basic and detailed development of a multi-mission corvette

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: Direct Commercial Sale (DCS)

Status: Congress notified

  4/15/02

N/A

Chile

10 ALQ-211(V)4 Advanced Integrated Defense Electronic Warfare Systems for F-16s

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: Congress notified

  8/13/02

$51,653,708

Colombia

210-foot Medium Endurance Cutter

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: EDA

Status: Congress notified

  8/29/02

N/A

Czech Republic

150 AIM-9M-8/9 Sidewinder missiles, associated equipment and services

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: Congress notified

  7/22/02

$35,000,000

Dominican Republilc

8 UH-1H Helicopters

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: N/A

Status: Congress notified

  8/21/02

N/A

Dominican Republic

SH-3 Sea King Helicopters

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: N/A

Status: Congress notified

  7/30/02

N/A

Dominican Republic

20,000 M16 rifles

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: EDA

Status: N/A

1/23/02

N/A

Egypt

Two UH-60L Black Hawk helicopters

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: Congress notified

10/17/02

$47,000,000

Egypt

A contract to assist the government of Egypt in the development of a capability to produce 120mm tank training ammunition

Company: Alliant Techsystems

Transfer Type: N/A

Status: contract signed

8/11/02

$27,000,000

Egypt

6 Theatre Airborne Reconnaissance Systems (TARS) Pods, associated equipment and services

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: Congress notified

7/25/02

$70,000,000

Egypt

Time and materials contract to provide for expanded repair capability on the Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night as Part of the Peace Kamar Program

Company: Lockheed Martin

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, export license granted

4/23/02

$10,763,955

Egypt

Contract modification to manufacture 26 M993AO Multiple Launch Rocket System Carriers

Company: United Defense

Transfer Type: N/A

Status: contract signed, export license granted

4/15/02

$23,400,000

Egypt

Technical data, defense services and articles for the upgrade of C-130's and other transport aircraft

Company: N/A

Transfer Type:  DCS

Status: Congress notified

4/2/02

$50,000,000

Egypt

5 Naval Special Warfare Rigid inflatable Boat detachments in support of a U.S. Special Operations Command Program Executive Office maritime and rotary wing

Company: United States Marine Inc.

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, export license granted

3/20/02

$10,113,602

Egypt

Support package for Fast Missile Naval Craft including 53 RGM 84-L-4 Harpoon Block II antiship missiles, 4 PHALANX CIWS, 50,000 rounds of 20mm tungsten ammunition, 4 AN/SWG-1A Harpoon Shipboard Command Launch Control Systems, spare and repair parts

Company: Boeing and Raytheon

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: Congress notified

2/13/02

$255,000,000

Egypt

Anti-tank ammunition

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: Congress notified

2/02/02

$13,400,000

Egypt

7 M728 Combat Engineer Vehicles

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: EDA

Status:  N/A

1/23/02

N/A

Egypt

Modification for a previously awarded firm/fixed price contract (DAAE30-99-C-1049) for the delivery of 5,000 additional KEWA-1 cartridges for production acceptance training

Company: General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems

Transfer Type: N/A

Status: contract signed, export license granted

1/10/02

$13,400,000

Egypt

26 M270 launchers - Modification to previous contract

Company: Lockheed Martin

Transfer Type: N/A

Status: contract signed, export license granted

12/19/01

$78,714,454

Egypt

Incorporation of advanced digital transfer equipment/digital video recorders into 50 F-16D aircraft under FMS program

Company: Lockheed Martin

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, export license granted

11/29/01

$9,605,216 has been obligated (not to exceed $23,161,000)

Egypt

For F-16s: spares, containers, mainframes, side activation for listening II pods for the Peace Marble V program under FMS program

Company: Northrop Grumman Corp.

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, export license granted

11/29/01

$13,584,421

Egypt

Remanufacture of 35 Egyptian Air Force AH-64 D Apache Helicopters with fire control radar/radio frequency

Company: McDonnell Douglas Co.

Transfer Type: N/A

Status: contract signed, export license granted

11/15/01

$241,993,426

Egypt

Refurbished 201 M109A2/A3 155mm self-propelled howitzers

Company: United Defense LP

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: Congress Notified

11/08/01

$77,000,000

France

Order against a previously awarded Basic Ordering Agreement for supplies and spares associated with the installation and system integration of a French-unique Dual Microwave Landing System for 3 French E-2C aircraft

Company:Northrup Grumman Systems, Corp.

Transfer Type:FMS

Status:contract signed, export license granted

9/11/02

$12,443,000

French Guiana

Technical data and assistance for the BSAT-2c commercial communications satellite

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: DCS

Status: Congress notified

4/15/02

$50,000,000

Greece

Contract modification to provide for additional buy of 40 conformal fuel tanks (CFT), CFT support equipment and eight targeting pod pylons for the Peace Xenia III Program

Company: Lockheed Martin

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, export license approved

10/16/02

$22,775,345

Greece

210-foot Medium Endurance Cutter

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: EDA

Status: Congress notified

1/31/02

$34,262,481

 

Greece

100 ARIM-120 C5 advance medium range air-to-air missiles and spares

Company:  Raytheon

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, export license granted

1/31/02

$34,262,481

 

India

30 P-3 Orion maritime surveillance aircraft

Company: -

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, awaiting notification to Congress

8/28/02

N/A

India

Unclassified technical data for an Air Traffic Control System for the Indian Air Force to include Primary Surveillance Radars (PSR) and Air Traffic Management Software

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: DCS

Status: Congress notified

4/18/02

N/A

India

Temporary export of two subsea Hammerhead Remote Operating Vehicles with Kearfott KN-5053 Seaborne Navigation System;

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: DCS

Status: Congress notified

4/18/02

N/A

India

Technical assistance in the India Light Attack and Trainer Aircraft Program and its subsystems; temporary export of explosives and narcotics trace equipment marketing data for a submarine integrated combat system; Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT) infrared detectors for the METSAT meteorological earth observation satellite

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: DCS

Status: Congress notified

3/15/02

N/A

India

Eight AN/TPQ-37 Fire-finding Weapon Locating System and 26 AN/VRC-90E SINCGAR radios with their associated equipment and technical, logistic and maintenance support; first military deal since 1998 ITAR embargo

Company: Raytheon

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, export license granted

2/7/02

$146,000,000

India

Four helicopter crew seats; 112,000 micro detonators for antiaircraft guns; 540 LAT-0570 electrical motors

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: DCS

Status: Congress notified

2/7/02

N/A

Israel

Contract modification to provide for 228 Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JADM) guided vehicles, Lot 2, for the Israeli Air Force.  The JADM weapon system provides the air force and Navy with an improved aerial delivery capability for existing 1000 and 2000-lb bombs.

Company: McDonnell Douglas Corp.

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, export license granted

4/5/02

$5,079,156

Israel

1,000 Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAM) tail kits, 50 MK-84 inert bombs, testing and support equipment

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: Congress notified

7/18/02

$27,000,000

Israel

10,500,000 USG of EN590 for the government of Israel

Company: Valero Marketing and Supply Co.

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, export license granted

4/5/02

$8,744,537

Israel

102 M61A1 20 mm Gatling guns for F16s

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: Congress notified

3/13/02

$5,200,000

Israel

30,000 M16 rifle parts

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: EDA

Status: N/A

1/23/02

N/A

Israel

52 F16s

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: exercising option under a contract signed last year

Status: contract signed

12/19/01

$1.3 billion

Israel

3 business jets to the Israeli Ministry of Defense for use as Special Electronic Mission aircraft

Company: Gulfstream

Status: Congress notified

12/05/01

$206,000,000

Israel

Incorporation of advanced digital transfer equipment into 50 F-16D aircraft

Company: Lockheed Martin

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, export license granted

11/29/01

Not to Exceed $23,161,000 - $9,605,216 has been obligated

Israel

Applicable to the F-16s: spare parts, containers, mainframes, side activation for listening pods for the Peace Marble V program

Company: Northrop Grumman Corp.

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, export license granted

11/29/01

$13, 584,421

Israel

50 installed and 9 spare F100-PW

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: DCS

Status: Congress notified

10/10/01

$50,000,000

Israel

F-15 component manufacturing licensing agreement

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: DCS

Status: Congress notified

10/10/01

$50,000,000

Italy

Overhaul and upgrade of 40 F100PW200 engines to 38 F100PW220E engines and 2 module sets for the Italian Air Force Peace Caeser F-16 program

Company: Pratt & Whitney

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, export license granted

8/2/02

$25,515,000

Japan

Long-lead material in support of the development and integration efforts for the DDG-2317 Aegis weapon system baseline J5 computer program

Company: Lockheed Martin

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, export license approved

10/15/02

$6,541,774

Japan

16 SM-2 Block 3A missiles, 16 MK 13 MOD O canisters, associated equipment and services

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: Congress notified

6/13/02

$24,000,000

Japan

AEGIS Shipboard weapons systems and associated equipment and services

Company: Lockheed Martin

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: Congress notified

5/6/02

$578,000,000

Japan

Modification to previous contract NOOO19-00-G-0280- upgrade kits for E-2C aircraft

Company: Northrop Grumman Corp.

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, export license granted

12/7/02

$24,857,695

Japan

Modification to previous contract NOOO19-00-G-0089 - upgrade kits for E-2C aircraft

Company: Northrop Grumman Corp.

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: contract signed, export license granted

12/7/02

$23,653,552

Japan

2 specially modified business jets for surveillance missions

Company: Gulfstream Aerospace Corp.

Transfer Type: N/A

Status: Congress notified

11/15/02

$100,000,000

Japan

Modification to continue post-delivery support for the Boeing E767

Company: Boeing

Transfer Type: N/A

Status: contract signed, export license granted

11/14/02

$7,700,000

Japan

 

 Procurement of 39 MK 22 mod O canisters in support of the MK41 Vertical Launch System Program

Company: United Defense LP

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: Congress Notified

10/29/01

$ 5,781,009

Jordan 

One AN/FPS-117 3-D long-range radar

Company:  N/A

Transfer Type: FMS

Status: Congress notified

4/12/02

$22,000,000

Jordan

20,000 excess ammunition

Company: N/A

Transfer Type: EDA

Status: N/A

1/23/02

N/A

Jordan

110 missiles and 30 command launch units of anti-tank guided weapons

Company:  N/A

Transfer Type: FMS

Status:  Congress notified

12/16/01

$12,000,000

Jordan and Lithuania

Javelin anti-tank weapons system including more than: 75 missiles, 18 command launch units, training devices, logistics support, associated equipment and training

Company: Raytheon/Lockheed Martin

Transfer Type: FMS

Status:  Congress notified

12/1/01

$10,000,000

Korea