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By Rachel
Stohl
CDI Senior Analyst
rstohl@cdi.org
Since the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, the United States has
employed as many means as possible to fight the war on terror. In
one aspect, however, an alarming trend has emerged. The United
States is more willing than ever to sell or give away weapons to
countries that have pledged assistance in the global war on terror.
In the past, the United States has used arms sales to "reward"
countries for their loyalty. And, today, if one examines each sale
or change in policy individually, there does not appear to be a
paradigm shift in U.S. arms export policy. However, when one looks
at these transfers together, it becomes clear that the United States
has altered its relationships with a significant number of
countries, many of which are now receiving military aid that would
have been denied before Sept. 11.
The United States has revised the list of countries that are
ineligible to receive U.S. weapons. Since Sept. 11, the United
States has waived restrictions on arms or military assistance to
Armenia, Azerbaijan, India, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Yugoslavia.
Since Sept. 11, the United States has made billions of dollars
worth of arms deals to strategic countries, including a $1.2 billion
sale of fighter jets and missiles to Oman and nearly $400 million
worth of missiles to Egypt. Countries identified as fighting
terrorist groups are also set to receive large shipments of military
aid, including $92 million in weapons to the Philippines. Other
countries are benefiting from military training relationships.
Indonesia, for example, which had been banned from receiving
military training, is set to receive training through the new
Regional Defense Counter Terrorism Fellowship Program, a new DoD
program that is not subject to training limitations contained in the
annual Foreign Operations legislation. Human rights and lack of
democracy concerns have been given less importance in some cases.
Turkey is now set to receive 14 Sea Hawk naval helicopters, even
though accusations of gross human rights abuses and tensions with
regional rival Greece have delayed other recent helicopter deals.
To avoid being seen as favoring one side over another, some of
these recent sales and military aid packages have been given to both
sides of a conflict. Both India and Pakistan are set to receive
weapons and, in direct response to the lifting of sanctions to
Azerbaijan, Armenia was promised $90 million in foreign assistance,
$4 million in foreign military financing, and $300,000 for military
training.
These sales are just the tip of the iceberg. After the Gulf War,
arms exports to the Middle East skyrocketed. The recent display of
force with American weaponry could lead to another spike in the near
future. Further, while arms agreements are made in the short term,
export licenses are good for four years and production can take much
longer, and thus actual arms deliveries will continue in the long
run.
Below is a compilation of post-Sept. 11 pending and approved
U.S. arms sales. The data is collected from the following sources:
House International Relations Committee (HIRC), the
Federal Register,
Jane’s,
Defense News and
Defense Systems Daily.
|
|
|
Country |
Description |
Date of Approval or Notification: |
Estimated Cost |
|
Argentina |
12 AH-1 Cobra attack helicopters
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: Excess Defense
Articles (EDA)
Status: N/A |
4/3/02 |
N/A |
|
Australia |
Option to provide engineering, technical,
management and financial support services for the F/A-18
aircraft programs.
Company: Veridian Engineering
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed, export
license granted |
11/18/02 |
$16,727,126 |
|
Australia |
Seven phase 1 retrofit kits for the AN and
APG-73 radar for the F/A-18 aircraft
- 6 for the U.S. Marine Corps
- 1 for the government of Australia
Company: Raytheon
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed, export
license granted |
9/3/02 |
$12,443,000 |
|
Australia |
Joins Joint Strike Fighter program with
plans to buy 100 F-35 aircraft form the United States
Company: Lockheed Martin
Transfer Type: N/A
Status: Congress notified |
8/11/02 |
$8 billion |
|
Australia |
Design, development, manufacture and
maintenance of the Multi-role Electronically Scanned Array
(MESA) Radar/IFF subsystem
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: N/A
Status: Congress notified |
4/26/02 |
N/A |
|
Austria |
30 F-16 A/B fighter jets upgraded with the
Falcon Up structural modification and the Mid-Life Update (MLU)
capability modification
Company: Lockheed Martin
Transfer Type: Foreign Military Sale
(FMS)
Status: Congress notified[1] |
3/19/02 |
$1 billion |
|
Bahrain |
One AN/TPS-59(V)3 3-dimensional land-based
radar, one Air Defense Communication Platform, spares, training
and other related elements of program support
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: Congress notified |
6/26/02 |
$40 million |
|
Bahrain |
Missile boresight correlator upgrade kit
and support equipment upgrade
Company: Lockheed Martin
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed,
export license granted |
4/24/02 |
$8,109,231 |
|
Bahrain |
Eight 44 foot Motor Lifeboats
Company: Boeing
Transfer Type: EDA
Status: N/A |
1/15/02 |
N/A |
|
Brazil |
Two KC-135A Stratotanker air-to-air
tanker/transport aircraft
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: EDA
Status: N/A |
5/1/2002 |
N/A |
|
Brazil |
12 F-16 fighter jets
Company: has reached preliminary
agreement with Lockheed Martin
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: waiting to sign contract |
4/19/02 |
$909,000,000 |
|
Bulgaria |
Naval architecture and marine engineering
services for the basic and detailed development of a
multi-mission corvette
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: Direct Commercial
Sale (DCS)
Status: Congress notified |
4/15/02 |
N/A |
|
Chile |
10 ALQ-211(V)4 Advanced Integrated
Defense Electronic Warfare Systems for F-16s
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: Congress notified |
8/13/02 |
$51,653,708 |
|
Colombia |
210-foot Medium Endurance Cutter
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: EDA
Status: Congress notified |
8/29/02 |
N/A |
|
Czech Republic |
150 AIM-9M-8/9 Sidewinder missiles,
associated equipment and services
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: Congress notified |
7/22/02 |
$35,000,000 |
|
Dominican Republilc |
8 UH-1H Helicopters
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: N/A
Status: Congress notified |
8/21/02 |
N/A |
|
Dominican Republic |
SH-3 Sea King Helicopters
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: N/A
Status: Congress notified |
7/30/02 |
N/A |
|
Dominican Republic |
20,000 M16 rifles
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: EDA
Status: N/A |
1/23/02 |
N/A |
|
Egypt |
Two UH-60L Black Hawk helicopters
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: Congress notified |
10/17/02 |
$47,000,000 |
|
Egypt |
A contract to assist the government of
Egypt in the development of a capability to produce 120mm tank
training ammunition
Company: Alliant Techsystems
Transfer Type: N/A
Status: contract signed |
8/11/02 |
$27,000,000 |
|
Egypt |
6 Theatre Airborne Reconnaissance
Systems (TARS) Pods, associated equipment and services
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: Congress notified |
7/25/02 |
$70,000,000 |
|
Egypt |
Time and materials contract to provide
for expanded repair capability on the Low Altitude Navigation
and Targeting Infrared for Night as Part of the Peace Kamar
Program
Company: Lockheed Martin
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed,
export license granted |
4/23/02 |
$10,763,955 |
|
Egypt |
Contract modification to manufacture 26
M993AO Multiple Launch Rocket System Carriers
Company: United Defense
Transfer Type: N/A
Status: contract signed,
export license granted |
4/15/02 |
$23,400,000 |
|
Egypt |
Technical data, defense services and
articles for the upgrade of C-130's and other transport aircraft
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: DCS
Status: Congress notified |
4/2/02 |
$50,000,000 |
|
Egypt |
5 Naval Special Warfare Rigid inflatable
Boat detachments in support of a U.S. Special Operations Command
Program Executive Office maritime and rotary wing
Company: United States Marine
Inc.
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed,
export license granted |
3/20/02 |
$10,113,602 |
|
Egypt |
Support package for Fast Missile Naval
Craft including 53 RGM 84-L-4 Harpoon Block II antiship
missiles, 4 PHALANX CIWS, 50,000 rounds of 20mm tungsten
ammunition, 4 AN/SWG-1A Harpoon Shipboard Command Launch Control
Systems, spare and repair parts
Company: Boeing and Raytheon
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: Congress notified |
2/13/02 |
$255,000,000 |
|
Egypt |
Anti-tank ammunition
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: Congress notified |
2/02/02 |
$13,400,000 |
|
Egypt |
7 M728 Combat Engineer Vehicles
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: EDA
Status: N/A |
1/23/02 |
N/A |
|
Egypt |
Modification for a previously awarded
firm/fixed price contract (DAAE30-99-C-1049) for the delivery of
5,000 additional KEWA-1 cartridges for production acceptance
training
Company: General Dynamics
Ordnance and Tactical Systems
Transfer Type: N/A
Status: contract signed,
export license granted |
1/10/02 |
$13,400,000 |
|
Egypt |
26 M270 launchers - Modification to
previous contract
Company: Lockheed Martin
Transfer Type: N/A
Status: contract signed,
export license granted |
12/19/01 |
$78,714,454 |
|
Egypt |
Incorporation of advanced digital
transfer equipment/digital video recorders into 50 F-16D
aircraft under FMS program
Company: Lockheed Martin
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed,
export license granted |
11/29/01 |
$9,605,216 has been obligated (not to
exceed $23,161,000) |
|
Egypt |
For F-16s: spares, containers,
mainframes, side activation for listening II pods for the Peace
Marble V program under FMS program
Company: Northrop Grumman Corp.
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed,
export license granted |
11/29/01 |
$13,584,421 |
|
Egypt |
Remanufacture of 35 Egyptian Air Force
AH-64 D Apache Helicopters with fire control radar/radio
frequency
Company: McDonnell Douglas Co.
Transfer Type: N/A
Status: contract signed,
export license granted |
11/15/01 |
$241,993,426 |
|
Egypt |
Refurbished 201 M109A2/A3 155mm
self-propelled howitzers
Company: United Defense LP
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: Congress Notified |
11/08/01 |
$77,000,000 |
|
France |
Order against a previously awarded Basic
Ordering Agreement for supplies and spares associated with the
installation and system integration of a French-unique Dual
Microwave Landing System for 3 French E-2C aircraft
Company:Northrup Grumman Systems,
Corp.
Transfer Type:FMS
Status:contract signed, export
license granted |
9/11/02 |
$12,443,000 |
|
French Guiana |
Technical data and assistance for the
BSAT-2c commercial communications satellite
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: DCS
Status: Congress notified |
4/15/02 |
$50,000,000 |
|
Greece |
Contract modification to provide for
additional buy of 40 conformal fuel tanks (CFT), CFT support
equipment and eight targeting pod pylons for the Peace Xenia III
Program
Company: Lockheed Martin
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed, export
license approved |
10/16/02 |
$22,775,345 |
|
Greece |
210-foot Medium Endurance Cutter
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: EDA
Status: Congress notified |
1/31/02 |
$34,262,481
|
|
Greece |
100 ARIM-120 C5 advance medium range
air-to-air missiles and spares
Company: Raytheon
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed,
export license granted |
1/31/02 |
$34,262,481
|
|
India |
30 P-3 Orion maritime surveillance aircraft
Company: -
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed, awaiting
notification to Congress |
8/28/02 |
N/A |
|
India |
Unclassified technical data for an Air
Traffic Control System for the Indian Air Force to include
Primary Surveillance Radars (PSR) and Air Traffic Management
Software
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: DCS
Status: Congress notified |
4/18/02 |
N/A |
|
India |
Temporary export of two subsea Hammerhead
Remote Operating Vehicles with Kearfott KN-5053 Seaborne
Navigation System;
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: DCS
Status: Congress notified |
4/18/02 |
N/A |
|
India |
Technical assistance in the India Light
Attack and Trainer Aircraft Program and its subsystems;
temporary export of explosives and narcotics trace equipment
marketing data for a submarine integrated combat system; Mercury
Cadmium Telluride (MCT) infrared detectors for the METSAT
meteorological earth observation satellite
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: DCS
Status: Congress notified |
3/15/02 |
N/A |
|
India |
Eight AN/TPQ-37 Fire-finding Weapon
Locating System and 26 AN/VRC-90E SINCGAR radios with their
associated equipment and technical, logistic and maintenance
support; first military deal since 1998 ITAR embargo
Company: Raytheon
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed, export
license granted |
2/7/02 |
$146,000,000 |
|
India |
Four helicopter crew seats; 112,000 micro
detonators for antiaircraft guns; 540 LAT-0570 electrical motors
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: DCS
Status: Congress notified |
2/7/02 |
N/A |
|
Israel |
Contract modification to provide for 228
Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JADM) guided vehicles, Lot 2, for
the Israeli Air Force. The JADM weapon system provides the air
force and Navy with an improved aerial delivery capability for
existing 1000 and 2000-lb bombs.
Company: McDonnell Douglas Corp.
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed,
export license granted |
4/5/02 |
$5,079,156 |
|
Israel |
1,000 Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAM)
tail kits, 50 MK-84 inert bombs, testing and support equipment
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: Congress notified |
7/18/02 |
$27,000,000 |
|
Israel |
10,500,000 USG of EN590 for the government
of Israel
Company: Valero Marketing and Supply
Co.
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed,
export license granted |
4/5/02 |
$8,744,537 |
|
Israel |
102 M61A1 20 mm Gatling guns for F16s
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: Congress notified |
3/13/02 |
$5,200,000 |
|
Israel |
30,000 M16 rifle parts
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: EDA
Status: N/A |
1/23/02 |
N/A |
|
Israel |
52 F16s
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: exercising option
under a contract signed last year
Status: contract signed |
12/19/01 |
$1.3 billion |
|
Israel |
3 business jets to the Israeli Ministry of
Defense for use as Special Electronic Mission aircraft
Company: Gulfstream
Status: Congress notified |
12/05/01 |
$206,000,000 |
|
Israel |
Incorporation of advanced digital transfer
equipment into 50 F-16D aircraft
Company: Lockheed Martin
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed,
export license granted |
11/29/01 |
Not to Exceed $23,161,000 - $9,605,216 has
been obligated |
|
Israel |
Applicable to the F-16s: spare parts,
containers, mainframes, side activation for listening pods for
the Peace Marble V program
Company: Northrop Grumman Corp.
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed,
export license granted |
11/29/01 |
$13, 584,421 |
|
Israel |
50 installed and 9 spare F100-PW
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: DCS
Status: Congress notified |
10/10/01 |
$50,000,000 |
|
Israel |
F-15 component manufacturing licensing
agreement
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: DCS
Status: Congress notified |
10/10/01 |
$50,000,000 |
|
Italy |
Overhaul and upgrade of 40 F100PW200
engines to 38 F100PW220E engines and 2 module sets for the
Italian Air Force Peace Caeser F-16 program
Company: Pratt & Whitney
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed, export
license granted |
8/2/02 |
$25,515,000 |
|
Japan |
Long-lead material in support of the
development and integration efforts for the DDG-2317 Aegis
weapon system baseline J5 computer program
Company: Lockheed Martin
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed, export
license approved |
10/15/02 |
$6,541,774 |
|
Japan |
16 SM-2 Block 3A missiles, 16 MK 13 MOD O
canisters, associated equipment and services
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: Congress notified |
6/13/02 |
$24,000,000 |
|
Japan |
AEGIS Shipboard weapons systems and
associated equipment and services
Company: Lockheed Martin
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: Congress notified |
5/6/02 |
$578,000,000 |
|
Japan |
Modification to previous contract
NOOO19-00-G-0280- upgrade kits for E-2C aircraft
Company: Northrop Grumman Corp.
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed,
export license granted |
12/7/02 |
$24,857,695 |
|
Japan |
Modification to previous contract
NOOO19-00-G-0089 - upgrade kits for E-2C aircraft
Company: Northrop Grumman Corp.
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: contract signed,
export license granted |
12/7/02 |
$23,653,552 |
|
Japan |
2 specially modified business jets for
surveillance missions
Company: Gulfstream Aerospace Corp.
Transfer Type: N/A
Status: Congress notified |
11/15/02 |
$100,000,000 |
|
Japan |
Modification to continue post-delivery
support for the Boeing E767
Company: Boeing
Transfer Type: N/A
Status: contract signed,
export license granted |
11/14/02 |
$7,700,000 |
|
Japan
|
Procurement of 39 MK 22 mod O canisters in
support of the MK41 Vertical Launch System Program
Company: United Defense LP
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: Congress Notified |
10/29/01 |
$ 5,781,009 |
|
Jordan |
One AN/FPS-117 3-D long-range radar
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: Congress notified |
4/12/02 |
$22,000,000 |
|
Jordan |
20,000 excess ammunition
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: EDA
Status: N/A |
1/23/02 |
N/A |
|
Jordan |
110 missiles and 30 command launch units of
anti-tank guided weapons
Company: N/A
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: Congress notified |
12/16/01 |
$12,000,000 |
|
Jordan and Lithuania |
Javelin anti-tank weapons system including
more than: 75 missiles, 18 command launch units, training
devices, logistics support, associated equipment and training
Company: Raytheon/Lockheed Martin
Transfer Type: FMS
Status: Congress notified |
12/1/01 |
$10,000,000 |
|
Korea |
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